Current issue
Journal content
Articles in press
Archive
About the Journal
About the Polish Annals of Medicine
Editorial Board
Abstracting & indexing
Open Access policy
Charges
Affiliated institutions
Contact
Instructions
Peer review process
Guide for authors
Publication ethics
Ethics and Patient Consent
User License
Usage of third party materials
Disclaimer
Statement on Artificial Intelligence
Reviewers
Guide for reviewers
Review Form
RESEARCH PAPER
Analysis of the severity of anxiety in a group of pregnant women hospitalized for threatened premature delivery
1
Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Obstetrical-Gynecological Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
2
Department of Applied Psychology, Second Faculty of Medicine with English Language Division, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
3
Department and Clinic of Gynecology and Gynecological Endocrinology, Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
4
Bronisław Markiewicz State School of Higher Vocational Education in Jarosław, Poland
Submission date: 2013-12-02
Acceptance date: 2014-07-17
Online publication date: 2014-08-15
Publication date: 2020-04-06
Corresponding author
Magdalena Sulima
Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Obstetrical-Gynecological Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 6, 20-093 Lublin, Poland. Tel.: +48 506 615 316.
Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Obstetrical-Gynecological Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 6, 20-093 Lublin, Poland. Tel.: +48 506 615 316.
Pol. Ann. Med. 2014;21(2):114-119
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
Introduction:
An important element that contributes to the increase of the level of anxiety in pregnant women is threatened preterm labor and the need for hospitalization in pregnancy pathology department. Fear of low intensity, by induction of autonomic and endocrine response, can stimulate defense mechanisms of the body, thus, to a certain extent, having beneficial effects on pregnancy. In contrast, excessive and imprinted fear has negative effects by predisposing to pregnancy and fetal development disorders.
Aim:
The aim of the study is to assess the level of anxiety, as a trait and as a state, in a group of pregnant women hospitalized for preterm labor in relation to socio-demographic factors and obstetric situation.
Material and methods:
The study included 313 pregnant women hospitalized for threatened preterm labor. Research tools included a questionnaire of own authorship developed to determine characteristics of pregnant subjects and a standardized State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI).
Results and discussion:
The mean score of state anxiety (STAI X-1) in the group of pregnant women was 44.27 ± 9.84, with the score range 20–73 points, which indicates a high level of state anxiety. On the other hand, the mean score of trait anxiety (STAI X-2) in the study group was 44.52 ± 8.93, with the score range 20–90 points, which indicates the average level of trait anxiety. There was no statistically significant relationship between the intensity of state anxiety and marital status, place of residence and obstetric situation in the study (P > 0.05), while significant differences were found between the severity of state anxiety and the age and education of the respondents. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences between intensity of anxiety and age, marital status and obstetric situation (P > 0.05).
Conclusions:
Pregnant women hospitalized due to preterm labor, who were included in the study, were characterized by high levels of state anxiety and average levels of trait anxiety.
An important element that contributes to the increase of the level of anxiety in pregnant women is threatened preterm labor and the need for hospitalization in pregnancy pathology department. Fear of low intensity, by induction of autonomic and endocrine response, can stimulate defense mechanisms of the body, thus, to a certain extent, having beneficial effects on pregnancy. In contrast, excessive and imprinted fear has negative effects by predisposing to pregnancy and fetal development disorders.
Aim:
The aim of the study is to assess the level of anxiety, as a trait and as a state, in a group of pregnant women hospitalized for preterm labor in relation to socio-demographic factors and obstetric situation.
Material and methods:
The study included 313 pregnant women hospitalized for threatened preterm labor. Research tools included a questionnaire of own authorship developed to determine characteristics of pregnant subjects and a standardized State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI).
Results and discussion:
The mean score of state anxiety (STAI X-1) in the group of pregnant women was 44.27 ± 9.84, with the score range 20–73 points, which indicates a high level of state anxiety. On the other hand, the mean score of trait anxiety (STAI X-2) in the study group was 44.52 ± 8.93, with the score range 20–90 points, which indicates the average level of trait anxiety. There was no statistically significant relationship between the intensity of state anxiety and marital status, place of residence and obstetric situation in the study (P > 0.05), while significant differences were found between the severity of state anxiety and the age and education of the respondents. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences between intensity of anxiety and age, marital status and obstetric situation (P > 0.05).
Conclusions:
Pregnant women hospitalized due to preterm labor, who were included in the study, were characterized by high levels of state anxiety and average levels of trait anxiety.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
None declared.
REFERENCES (21)
1.
Victora CG, Rubens CE. Global report on preterm birth and stillbirth (4 of 7): delivery of interventions. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2010;10(1):1–19.
2.
Azar ZF, Hakimi P, Ghojazadeh M, Ghatresamani F. Pre- and post-McDonald cerclage cervical length, width and funneling rate and their association with duration of pregnancy. Pak J Biol Sci. 2011;14(8):502–506.
3.
Romero R. Vaginal progesterone to reduce the rate of preterm birth and neonatal morbidity: a solution at last. Womens Heath. 2011;7(5):501–504.
4.
Drews K, Seremak-Mrozikiewicz A, Preterm delivery. In: Bręborowicz GH, Wielgoś , eds. In: Biophysical and biochemical diagnosis in perinatal medicine. Obstetrics. vol. IV. Warszawa: PZWL; 2012.
5.
Kalinka J, Bitner A, The incorrect duration of pregnancy. In: Bręborowicz GH, Paszkowski T, eds. In: Maternal–fetal medicine. Obstetrics. vol. II. Warszawa: PZWL; 2012.
6.
Sittner B, DeFrain J, Hudson DB. Effects of high-risk pregnancies on families. Am J Matern Child Nurs. 2005;30(2):121–126.
7.
Price S, Lake M, Breen G, Carson G, Quinn C, O'Connor. The spiritual experience of high-risk pregnancy. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2007;36(1):63–70.
8.
Danerek M, Dykes AK. A theoretical model of parents' experiences of threat of preterm birth in Sweden. Midwifery. 2008;24(4):416–424.
9.
Rutkowska A, Rolińska A, Kwaśniewski W, Makara- Studzińska M, Kwaśniewska A. Anxiety as a state and trait in women with normal and highly compromised pregnancy. Curr Probl Psychiatry. 2011;12(1):56–59.
10.
Wrześniewski K, Sosnowski T, Matusik D. State-Trait Anxiety Inventory – STAI. Polish adaptation of the STAI. Warszawa: Pracownia Testów Psychologicznych Polskiego Towarzystwa Psychologicznego; 2002.
11.
Czajka R. The role of the selected psychogenic stress-inducing factors and catecholamines in the pathogenesis of preterm labor. Habilitation Thesis. Akademia Medyczna w Lublinie; 1988.
12.
Kwaśniewska A, Kraczkowski JJ, Wartacz E, Robak J, Semczuk M. Analysis of anxiety and structure of the personality of women at risk of preterm and post-term delivery. Post Psychiatr Neurol. 1996;5:185–193.
13.
Barańska M, Kmita G, Ciastoń-Przecławska E, Cerańska-Goszczyńska H. Anxiety and coping strategies in pregnant women hospitalized at risk in pregnancy pathology department. VI Ogólnopolskie Sympozjum ‘‘Poród naturalny’’. Klin Perinatol Ginekol. 1996;Suppl. XIII:27–28. września, Tychy.
14.
Kmita G, Barańska M, Ciastoń-Przecławska E, Cerańska- Goszczyńska H, Urmańska W. Psychological aspects of pregnancy risk among women hospitalized – about the need to change the existing model of care. Ginekol Pol. 1998;69(12):1025–1031.
15.
Krzyżanowski A. Selected parameters of psychological, endocrine and immune system in threatened preterm delivery. PhD Thesis Akademia Medyczna w Lublinie; 2001.
16.
Dayan J, Creveuil C, Marks MN, et al. Prenatal depression, prenatal anxiety, and spontaneous preterm birth: a prospective cohort study among women with early and regular care. Psychosom Med. 2006;68:938–946.
17.
Janicka M. The emotional state of women in the last trimester of pregnancy. Masters Thesis. Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie; 2008.
18.
Pawelczyk A, Cypryk K, Bielawska-Batorowicz E. The level of anxiety and emotional bond with the child during pregnancy in healthy women and women with gestational diabetes. Diabetol Pol. 1999;6(3):189–192.
19.
Gupton A, Heaman M, Wang-Kit Cheung L. Complicated and uncomplicated pregnancies: women's perception of risk. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2001;30(2):192–201.
20.
Dole N, Savitz DA, Hertz-Picciotto I, Siega-Riz AM, McMahon MJ, Buekens P. Maternal stress and preterm birth. Am J Epidemiol. 2003;157:14–24.
21.
Zhukava T. Studying the level of anxiety and depression in patients with chronic somatic pathologies. Pol Ann Med. 2011;18.1:7–11.
Share
RELATED ARTICLE
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
