CASE REPORT
Cardiovascular and mental symptoms of post-COVID-19 syndrome as a possible consequence of the bradykinin storm: A clinical case
 
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1
Department of Military General Practice & Family Medicine, Ukrainian Military Medical Academy, Kyiv, Ukraine
 
2
Department of Military Therapy, Ukrainian Military Medical Academy, Kyiv, Ukraine
 
3
Psychiatry clinic, National Military Medical Clinical Center 'Main Military Clinical Hospital,' Kyiv, Ukraine
 
 
Submission date: 2023-08-02
 
 
Final revision date: 2023-12-01
 
 
Acceptance date: 2023-12-01
 
 
Online publication date: 2024-02-01
 
 
Corresponding author
Nataliia Sydorova   

Department of Military General Practice & Family Medicine, Ukrainian Military Medical Academy, Kyiv, Ukraine
 
 
Pol. Ann. Med. 2024;31(1):21-26
 
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Introduction:
Although as of today, the hypothesis of bradykinin storm in COVID-19 cannot be directly confirmed, many theoretical assumptions and empirical data support its validity.

Aim:
The purpose of this article is, using the example of a clinical case, to draw attention to the need for further study of the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 syndrome, considering the assessment of various theories, including bradykinin storm hypothesis.

Case study:
We analysed the data from a young male patient with post-COVID-19 syndrome who referred to a consultant and expressed complaints of palpitation, blood pressure increase, muscle weakness, feeling of fear, hypochondria, sleep disturbances, and reduced working performance.

Results and discussion:
We found a high degree of autonomic dysregulation (predominantly sympathetic hyperactivation), anxiety, and sleep disorder. There was no hypertension, though ambulatory blood pressure monitoring allowed to determine the status of non-dipper. Patient's blood tests after COVID-19 revealed a decrease in the plasma level of aldosterone, a significant increase in both homocysteine blood level and free cortisol in urine, and mild transient isolated increase in free triiodothyronine. All abnormal blood test parameters turned to normal in 3 months after the onset of COVID-19. We assume that the clinical symptoms and changes in a number of laboratory parameters of the presented case may be associated with the effects of bradykinin storm.

Conclusions:
This clinical case suggests continuing the discussion about the potential role of bradykinin storm in the clinical course of COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 syndrome.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors thank A. Yu. Sliposhchon for providing communication between researchers and patient.
FUNDING
None.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
None to declare.
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