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REVIEW PAPER
Diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome: A historical overview
1
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
2
Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Provincial Specialist Hospital in Olsztyn, Poland
Submission date: 2020-07-16
Final revision date: 2020-09-15
Acceptance date: 2020-09-15
Online publication date: 2020-11-04
Corresponding author
Pol. Ann. Med. 2020;27(2):244-249
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Introduction:
Although attempts to establish a definition of metabolic syndrome (MS) intensified two decades ago, research into diseases co-occurring with MS was initiated as early as in the 17th century. The breakthrough came in 1988 with a study by Gerald M. Reaven, which combined so far unrelated conditions into X syndrome. In the 20th and 21st century, research focused on providing a definition applicable in clinical practice.
Aim:
The following overview summarizes the history of MS, from early descriptions to the most recent attempts at defining it.
Material and methods:
The literature was searched in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases focusing on history of research on MS, criteria of diagnosis.
Results and discussion:
Since 1998, while the concept of MS was accepted, the definition has evolved. Since the European Group for the Study of Insulin Resistance definition was announced, the essential components of diagnosing MS have not changed, they have only been specified to include a greater part of the population. It seems that MS is not only a pathophysiological term, but also a practical-clinical one. When diagnosed, it involves further medical treatment.
Conclusions:
(1) The definition of MS has evolved, becoming simplified so that it can be used in clinical practice. (2) Main components of diagnosing MS have been specified to include a greater part of the population. (3) It seems that MS is not only a pathophysiological term, but also a practical-clinical one. (4) The construct of MS definition has inherent limitations which impact on its clinical usefulness. (5) The current definition might be subject to more modifications following new research studies.
Although attempts to establish a definition of metabolic syndrome (MS) intensified two decades ago, research into diseases co-occurring with MS was initiated as early as in the 17th century. The breakthrough came in 1988 with a study by Gerald M. Reaven, which combined so far unrelated conditions into X syndrome. In the 20th and 21st century, research focused on providing a definition applicable in clinical practice.
Aim:
The following overview summarizes the history of MS, from early descriptions to the most recent attempts at defining it.
Material and methods:
The literature was searched in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases focusing on history of research on MS, criteria of diagnosis.
Results and discussion:
Since 1998, while the concept of MS was accepted, the definition has evolved. Since the European Group for the Study of Insulin Resistance definition was announced, the essential components of diagnosing MS have not changed, they have only been specified to include a greater part of the population. It seems that MS is not only a pathophysiological term, but also a practical-clinical one. When diagnosed, it involves further medical treatment.
Conclusions:
(1) The definition of MS has evolved, becoming simplified so that it can be used in clinical practice. (2) Main components of diagnosing MS have been specified to include a greater part of the population. (3) It seems that MS is not only a pathophysiological term, but also a practical-clinical one. (4) The construct of MS definition has inherent limitations which impact on its clinical usefulness. (5) The current definition might be subject to more modifications following new research studies.
FUNDING
The work was not financed by any scientific research institution, association or other entity, the authors did not receive any grant.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors have no potential conflicts of interest.
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