Introduction:
Injuries caused by the accidents are one of the major causes of death in children under 5 years of age. One of the important indexes of the development and health optimization in countries is the mortality rate of children under age 5.

Aim:
The purpose of this study is investigating the health belief model structures regarding the preventive factors from the occurrence of accidents and injuries in children under age 5.

Material and methods:
Present cross sectional descriptive study has been conducted on 270 mothers having a child under 5 years of age who have referred to the health centers in Fasa city in 2017. Based on the health belief model, the information are collected via questionnaires and the obtained data are analyzed by the multiple regression SPSS-20.

Results and discussion:
The predictive structures of this study are the perceived barriers, perceived susceptibility, perceived benefits and self-efficacy. The average score of perceived barriers is 62.24, perceived susceptibility is 45.25, the perceived benefits is 61.22 and the self-efficacy is 50.49. Therefore, the studied variables predict 33.6% of whole performance. Also, except the perceived barriers, a significant and direct relationship is observed between the structure of mothers performance and other structures (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
According to the average scores of awareness and performance of mothers and other health belief model structures, it is suggested that, training programs in the form of training packages be performed based on this model in order to develop the preventive behaviors from the occurrence of accidents and injuries in children.