Introduction:
Among numerous branches of science, advances in biomedical research are perceived to be the most controversial. This relates to biomedical experiments which involve human and animal trials. This article attempts to outline both historical and current dilemmas in the field of biomedical sciences. Today, scientists face new challenges with respect to humanitarian medicine.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to discuss ethical and moral issues connected with experiments involving animals and human beings. The authors aimed at presenting directions of development for new branches of medicine.

Material and methods:
This study presents a review of contemporary medical literature and legal regulations concerning experiments on animals and human beings.

Discussion:
The issue and definition of bioethics, its historical evolution, as well as specificity of medical sciences and psychiatrics are presented in the context of medical experiments. Informed consent is discussed: regarded not only as a legal necessity, but as an ethical duty that facilitates desired communication between the researcher and the individual on whom the experiment is to be conducted. Experimental control methods, current implementation of a new operative technique – fetal surgery – and legal regulations concerning the protection of animals used for experimental purposes have also been analyzed, as well as the interrelationships between medicine and the economy.

Conclusions:
Experiments have always been a part of medical developments and it is unlikely that these would ever be abandoned. Over the years, not only the advancement of medical procedures, but also the efficacy of treatment has changed. Along with the developments in medicine, the approach to medical experimentation on humans and animals has changed as well. Currently, medical experimentation has entered a new age which may be termed ‘‘humanitarian,’’ ‘‘planned’’ or ‘‘aimed,’’ which are all connected with devising well-accepted standards and appropriate legal regulations.