Current issue
Journal content
Articles in press
Archive
About the Journal
About the Polish Annals of Medicine
Editorial Board
Abstracting & indexing
Open Access policy
Charges
Affiliated institutions
Contact
Instructions
Peer review process
Guide for authors
Publication ethics
Ethics and Patient Consent
User License
Usage of third party materials
Disclaimer
Statement on Artificial Intelligence
Reviewers
Guide for reviewers
Review Form
RESEARCH PAPER
Risk factors and serum parameters associated with xerostomia in cardiac patients – a case-control study
1
Dental Sciences Research Center, Medical Education Research Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofaicial Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
2
Cardiovascular Disease Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
3
General dentist, Faculty of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
4
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
Submission date: 2023-04-14
Final revision date: 2023-11-11
Acceptance date: 2023-11-11
Online publication date: 2023-12-01
Corresponding author
Fereshteh Najar Karimi
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Shahid katouiezade st., Golshahr avenue, karaj, Iran. Postal code: 3198684868. Tel.: +26 3350 0080.
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Shahid katouiezade st., Golshahr avenue, karaj, Iran. Postal code: 3198684868. Tel.: +26 3350 0080.
Pol. Ann. Med. 2023;30(2):124-129
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Introduction:
Xerostomia is not a disease in itself but is caused by a change in the amount or composition of saliva or both. Some systemic diseases and the use of some medicines cause this complaint.
Aim:
Considering the high prevalence of cardiac diseases, the present study aimed to examine risk factors and serum parameters associated with xerostomia among hospitalized cardiac patients.
Material and methods:
In this case-control study, 369 hospitalized cardiac patients were divided into two groups (with and without xerostomia) using a valid FOX questionnaire. Demographic information and laboratory analysis results were extracted from the subjects’ medical records. Finally, data were analyzed using SPSS v. 24 software at a significance level of 0.05.
Results and discussion:
According to the findings, 187 (50.7%) patients were suffering from xerostomia, whose prevalence was significantly higher in patients with a history of hypertension (P = 0.017) and thrombocytosis (P = 0.023). However, no significant relationship was observed between xerostomia and other serum parameters.
Conclusions:
Xerostomia is associated with a history of hypertension and the use of certain medications, such as nitroglycerin. Other serum parameters seem to be unrelated to xerostomia, except thrombocytosis. Therefore, it is recommended to check the quantity and quality of saliva to evaluate the presence of hyposalivation along with xerostomia more accurately.
Xerostomia is not a disease in itself but is caused by a change in the amount or composition of saliva or both. Some systemic diseases and the use of some medicines cause this complaint.
Aim:
Considering the high prevalence of cardiac diseases, the present study aimed to examine risk factors and serum parameters associated with xerostomia among hospitalized cardiac patients.
Material and methods:
In this case-control study, 369 hospitalized cardiac patients were divided into two groups (with and without xerostomia) using a valid FOX questionnaire. Demographic information and laboratory analysis results were extracted from the subjects’ medical records. Finally, data were analyzed using SPSS v. 24 software at a significance level of 0.05.
Results and discussion:
According to the findings, 187 (50.7%) patients were suffering from xerostomia, whose prevalence was significantly higher in patients with a history of hypertension (P = 0.017) and thrombocytosis (P = 0.023). However, no significant relationship was observed between xerostomia and other serum parameters.
Conclusions:
Xerostomia is associated with a history of hypertension and the use of certain medications, such as nitroglycerin. Other serum parameters seem to be unrelated to xerostomia, except thrombocytosis. Therefore, it is recommended to check the quantity and quality of saliva to evaluate the presence of hyposalivation along with xerostomia more accurately.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors would like to thank Dr. Rasoul Tabari Khomeiran for his helpful comments and Dr Mohammad Ghaffari for performing statistical analysis throughout the paper.
FUNDING
No external funding was available for this study.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
According to the authors of this article, there is no conflict of interests.
REFERENCES (27)
1.
Hopcraft M, Tan C. Xerostomia: an update for clinicians. Aust. Dent. J. 2010;55(3):238–244. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1834....
2.
López-Pintor RM, Ramírez Martínez-Acitores L, Serrano Valle J, et al. Xerostomia and hyposalivation. Oral Health Aging. 2022:85–108. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-....
3.
Molania T, Malekzadeh Shafaroudi A, Taghavi M, et al. Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in cardiovascular patients referring to Fatima Zahra Hospital in Sari, Iran. BMC Oral Health. 2021;21:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903....
4.
Jezierska-Woźniak K, Wojtkiewicz J. Stem cells in clinical practice for cardiovascular diseases. Pol Ann Med. 2016;23(1):49–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.poam....
5.
Blinderman CD, Homel P, Billings JA, Portenoy RK, Tennstedt SL. Symptom distress and quality of life in patients with advanced congestive heart failure. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2008;35(6):594–603. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpai....
6.
Tarashoki ZB, Kamyari N, Zahedi A, et al. Investigating laboratory biochemical factors in different types of patients with cardiovascular diseases. Dis Diagn. 2022;12(1):35–41. https://doi.org/10.34172/ddj.2....
7.
Christine H, Dewi TS, Hidayat W. Management of severe xerostomia and oral candidiasis in patient with valvular heart disease: a case report. Dentino: J Ked Gigi. 2021;6(2):209–215. https://doi.org/10.20527/denti....
8.
Wolff A, Joshi RK, Ekström J, et al. A Guide to Medications Inducing Salivary Gland Dysfunction, Xerostomia, and Subjective Sialorrhea: A Systematic Review Sponsored by the World Workshop on Oral Medicine VI. Drugs R D. 2017;17:1–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40268....
9.
Villa A, Polimeni A, Strohmenger L, Cicciù D, Gherlone E, Abati S. Dental patients’ self-reports of xerostomia and associated risk factors. J Am Dent Assoc. 2011;142(7):811–816. https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.....
10.
Kapourani A, Kontogiannopoulos KN, Manioudaki A-E, et al. A review on xerostomia and its various management strategies: the role of advanced polymeric materials in the treatment approaches. Polymers. 2022;14(5):850. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym1....
11.
Jamieson LM, Thomson WM. Xerostomia: its prevalence and associations in the adult Australian population. Aust Dent J. 2020;65(S1):S67–S70. https://doi.org/10.1111/adj.12....
12.
Diep MT, Jensen JL, Skudutyte-Rysstad R, et al. Xerostomia and hyposalivation among a 65-yr-old population living in Oslo, Norway. Eur J Oral Sci. 2021;129(1):e12757. https://doi.org/10.1111/eos.12....
13.
Salehi M, Akha O, Mousavi J, Ziaee M, Molania T. Frequency of burning mouth and subjective xerostomia in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. J Inflamm D. 2017;21:18–11.
14.
Talha B, Swarnkar SA. Xerostomia. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go.... Accessed: October 30, 2023.
15.
de Campos WG, Esteves CV, Costa K, de Andrade ACP, Domaneschi C, Lemos CA. Xerostomia in the older adult population, from diagnosis to treatment: a literature review. Clin Lab Res Dent. 2019. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.....
16.
Jameson J FA, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Loscalzo J, eds. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine. 20 ed: McGraw-Hill Education; 2018.
17.
Einhorn O, Georgiou K, Tompa A. Salivary dysfunction caused by medication usage. Physiol Int. 2020;107(2):195–208. https://doi.org/10.1556/2060.2....
18.
Ramirez L, Sánchez I, Munoz M, et al. Risk factors associated with xerostomia and reduced salivary flow in hypertensive patients. Oral Dis. 2023;29(3):1299–1311. https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.14....
19.
Villa A, Connell CL, Abati S. Diagnosis and management of xerostomia and hyposalivation. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2015;11:45–51. https://doi.org/10.2147/TCRM.S....
20.
Fornari CB, Bergonci D, Stein CB, Agostini BA, Rigo L. Prevalence of xerostomia and its association with systemic diseases and medications in the elderly: a cross-sectional study. Sao Paulo Med J. 2021;139(4):380–387. https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-3....
21.
Krajewska Wojciechowska J, Krajewski W, Zatoński T. Otorhinolaryngological dysfunctions induced by chronic kidney disease in pre-and post-transplant stages. Eur Arch Oto-Rhino-L. 2020;277(6):1575–1591. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405....
22.
Little JW MC, Rhodus NL. Dental management of the medically compromised patient. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2017.
23.
Iqbal S, Klammer N, Ekmekcioglu C. The Effect of Electrolytes on Blood Pressure: A Brief Summary of Meta-Analyses. Nutrients. 2019;11(6):1362. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu1106....
24.
Toth C. Pregabalin: latest safety evidence and clinical implications for the management of neuropathic pain. Ther Adv Drug Saf. 2014;5(1):38–56. https://doi.org/10.1177/204209....
25.
Kumar NN, Panchaksharappa MG, Annigeri RG. Modified schirmer test–a screening tool for xerostomia among subjects on antidepressants. Arch Oral Biol. 2014;59(8):829–834. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arch....
26.
Aframian DJ, Baaton S, Mazor S, et al. Improvement of dry mouth following intraductal irrigation of salivary glands. Oral Dis. 2019;25(7):1735–1743. https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.13....
27.
Lee Y-H, Auh QS, Park H-K. Determination of Xerostomia with Cutoff Value for Salivary Flow Rate using Machine Learning Algorithm. Res Square. 2022. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.....
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
