Current issue
Journal content
Articles in press
Archive
About the Journal
About the Polish Annals of Medicine
Editorial Board
Abstracting & indexing
Open Access policy
Charges
Affiliated institutions
Contact
Instructions
Peer review process
Guide for authors
Publication ethics
Ethics and Patient Consent
User License
Usage of third party materials
Disclaimer
Statement on Artificial Intelligence
Reviewers
Guide for reviewers
Review Form
What made hominis physically active? Part I
1
Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
2
Department of Population Medicine and Civilization Diseases Prevention, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
3
Department of Allergy, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
4
World Economy Research Institute, Collegium of World Economy, Warsaw School of Economics, Poland
5
Department of Respiratory Diagnostic and Bronchoscopy, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
Submission date: 2018-04-16
Final revision date: 2018-08-28
Acceptance date: 2018-09-01
Online publication date: 2018-11-21
Publication date: 2019-11-01
Corresponding author
Ryszard Rutkowski
Department of Respiratory Diagnostic and Bronchoscopy, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 17, 15-274 Bialystok.
Department of Respiratory Diagnostic and Bronchoscopy, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 17, 15-274 Bialystok.
Pol. Ann. Med. 2019;26(1):73-76
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Introduction:
Understanding of the nature and timing of the transition to bipedal terrestrial locomotion is key to accurate interpretation of how and why humans evolved and improved their balance as well as reduced energy expenditure when moving upright.
Aim:
We present an abbreviated history of the evolution of the musculoskeletal system in hominins, the role of bipedality and running in the genesis of pre-modern Homo.
Material and methods:
The literature on this subject.
Results and discussion:
Paleoantrhropological research traces the evolution of the hominins’ skeleton and muscular system which allowed for strenuous bipedal, upright walking.
Conclusions:
The complex evolutionary process of hominins’ skeleton and muscular system resulted in new physical features and increased physical fitness.
Understanding of the nature and timing of the transition to bipedal terrestrial locomotion is key to accurate interpretation of how and why humans evolved and improved their balance as well as reduced energy expenditure when moving upright.
Aim:
We present an abbreviated history of the evolution of the musculoskeletal system in hominins, the role of bipedality and running in the genesis of pre-modern Homo.
Material and methods:
The literature on this subject.
Results and discussion:
Paleoantrhropological research traces the evolution of the hominins’ skeleton and muscular system which allowed for strenuous bipedal, upright walking.
Conclusions:
The complex evolutionary process of hominins’ skeleton and muscular system resulted in new physical features and increased physical fitness.
FUNDING
None declared.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
None declared.
REFERENCES (33)
1.
Varki A. Nothing in medicine makes sense, except in the light of evolution. J Mol Med (Berl). 2012;90(5):481–494. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00109....
2.
Kirchengast S. Bone loss and physical activity – a bio anthropological perspective. J Osteopor Phys Act. 2015;4(1):164. https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9....
3.
Ward CV. Interpreting the posture and locomotion of Australopithecus afarensis: where do we stand? Am J Phys Anthropol. 2002;Suppl 35:185–215.
4.
Preuschoft H. Mechanisms for the acquisition of habitual bipedality: are there biomechanical reasons for the acquisition of upright bipedal posture? J Anat. 2004;204(5):363–384. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0021....
5.
Carroll SB. Genetics and the making of Homo sapiens. Nature. 2003;422(6934):849–857. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature....
6.
Crompton RH, Vereecke EE, Thorpe SK. Locomotion and posture from the common hominoid ancestor to fully modern hominins, with special reference to the last common panin/hominin ancestor. J Anat. 2008;212(4):501–543. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469....
7.
Levine JA. Lethal sitting: homo sedentarius seeks answers. Physiology (Bethesda). 2014;29(5):300–301. https://doi.org/10.1152/physio....
8.
Wood B. Reconstructing human evolution: achievements, challenges, and opportunities. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010;107(Suppl 2):8902–8909. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1....
9.
Elton S. The environmental context of human evolutionary history in Eurasia and Africa. J Anat. 2008;212(4):377–393. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469....
10.
Lieberman DE. Is Exercise Really Medicine? An Evolutionary Perspective. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2015;14(4):313–319. https://doi.org/10.1249/JSR.00....
11.
Rutkowska-Talipska J. Sowa P, Rutkowski K, Baltaziak M, Napiórkowski T, Kuryliszyn-Moskal A, Rutkowski R. What made us physically active? Part II. Pol Ann Med. [in print]. https://doi.org/10.29089/2018.....
12.
D’Aouit K, Aerts P. The evolutionary history of the human foot. In: D’Aout K, Lescrenier K, Van Gheluwe D, et al., eds. Advances in plantar pressure measurements in clinical and scientific research. Maastricht: Shaker Publishing BV,2008:44–68.
13.
Malina RM. Physical activity in early and modern populations: an evolutionary view. In: Malina RM, Eckert HM, eds. Physical Activity in Early and Modern Populations (American Academy of Physical Education Papers 21), Champaign: Human Kinetics; 1988:1–12.
14.
Robson SL, Wood B. Hominin life history: reconstruction and evolution. J Anat. 2008;212(4):394–425. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469....
15.
Niemitz C. The evolution of the upright posture and gait – a review and a new synthesis. Naturwissenschaften. 2010;97(3):241–63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114....
16.
Brunet M, Guy F, Pilbeam D, et al. A new hominid from the Upper Miocene of Chad, Central Africa. Nature. 2002;418(6894):145–151. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature....
17.
Brunet M. Two new Mio-Pliocene Chadian hominids enlighten Charles Darwin’s 1871 prediction. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2010;365(1556):3315–3321. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2....
18.
Zollikofer CPE, Ponce de Leon MS, Lieberman DE, et al. Virtual reconstruction of Sahelanthropus tchadensis. Nature. 2005;434(7034):755–759. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature....
19.
Brooks AS. New perspectives on the evolution of bipedalism. Anthro Notes. 2010;31(1):19–22. https://doi.org/10.5479/10088/....
20.
Haile-Selassie Y, Melillo SM, Su DF. The Pliocene hominin diversity conundrum: Do more fossils mean less clarity? Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2016;113(23):6364–6371. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1....
21.
Crompton RH, Sellers WI, Thorpe SK. Arboreality, terrestriality and bipedalism. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2010;365(1556):3301–3314. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2....
22.
Lovejoy CO. Reexamining human origins in light of Ardipithecus ramidus. Science. 2009;326(5949):74e1-8. https://doi.org/10.1126/scienc....
23.
White TD, Asfaw B, Beyene Y, Haile-Selassie Y, Lovejoy CO, Suwa G, WoldeGabriel G. Ardipithecus ramidus and the paleobiology of early hominids. Science 2009;326(5949):75–86. https://doi.org/10.1126/scienc....
24.
White TD, Lovejoy CO, Asfaw B, Carlson JP, Suwa G. Neither chimpanzee nor human, Ardipithecus reveals the surprising ancestry of both. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2015; 112(16):4877–4884. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1....
25.
Lovejoy CO, Suwa G, Spurlock L, Asfaw B, White TD. The pelvis and femur of Ardipithecus ramidus: the emergence of upright walking. Science. 2009;326(5949):71e1–6. https://doi.org/10.1126/scienc....
26.
Maslin MA, Brierley CM, Milner AM, Shultz S, Trauth MH, Wilson KE. East African climate pulses and early human evolution. Quart Sci Rev. 2014;101:1–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quas....
27.
Gruss LT, Schmitt D. The evolution of the human pelvis: changing adaptations to bipedalism, obstetrics and thermoregulation. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2015;370: 20140063. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2....
28.
Roach NT, Venkadesan M, Rainbow MJ, Lieberman DE. Elastic energy storage in the shoulder and the evolution of high-speed throwing in Homo. Nature. 2010;498(7455):483–486. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature....
29.
Lovejoy CO. The natural history of human gait and posture. Part 1. Spine and pelvis. Gait Posture. 2005;21(1):95–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gait....
30.
Lieberman DE, Bramble DM. The evolution of marathon running: capabilities in humans. Sports Med. 2007;37(4–5):288. https://doi.org/10.2165/000072....
31.
Lieberman DE, Bramble DM, Raichlen DA, Shea JJ. Brains, brawn, and the evolution of human endurance running capacities. In: Grine FE, Fleagle JG, Leakey RE, eds. The First Human – Origin and Early Evolution of the Genus Homo. Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology series. New York: Springer; 2009:77–92. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-....
32.
Lieberman DE, Raichlen DA, Pontzer H, Bramble DM, Cutright-Smith E. The human gluteus maximus and its role in running. J Exp Biol. 2006;209(Pt 11):2143–2155. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.02....
33.
McKeon PO, Hertel J, Bramble D, Davis I. The foot core system: a new paradigm for understanding intrinsic foot muscle function. Br J Sports Med. 2015;49(5):290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsp....
Share
RELATED ARTICLE
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
